Information about this ‘magnetic declination’ is usually printed on walkers’ maps. This is slightly different from grid north, and the difference between them varies in different areas of the world and over time. The key thing about the compass is that the needle always points to magnetic north.

Map scales 1:25 000, 1:50 000 and metric measurer (known as Romer scales).

Direction of travel arrow - the big arrow at the end of the baseplate.Index line - extension of the direction of travel arrow.Orienting arrow - fixed and aligned to north within the dial.Compass lines - on the bottom of the base.Magnetic needle - red end for north, white for south.Compass dial - also known as the compass wheel, with a mark every two degrees covering 360 degrees, and the four main compass points N-S-E-W.Follow a straight line of travel – called following a bearing.Work out which direction an object or destination is from you – its bearing.Align or orientate your map with your surroundings – setting the map.Know which direction you are travelling in – this is called your heading.In urban areas and lowland countryside (in good visibility), good map readers can navigate well without using a compass.įor walking we recommend an orienteering compass with a rectangular base (like the above), which is marked with km/m scales that can be seen even in poor light. To navigate successfully you will need to use your compass alongside a map – so first make sure you are comfortable with reading maps.

Learning how to use a compass is a skill that everyone who enjoys the outdoors will find useful and can be essential if you walk in isolated areas or in more challenging conditions.

How to use a compass